GRAMMAR

UDI 1: Description

TO BE

The meaning of the verb to be is ser o estar

POSITIVE

I am
You are
He / She / It is
We are 
You are 
They is 

NEGATIVE

I am not 

You are not 

He / She / It is not

We are not 

You are not

They are not

INTEROGATIVE

Am I...?

Are you...?

Is he / she / it...?

Are we...?

Are you...?

Are they...?

I am Adrian Fernandez
He isn't Adrian Fernandez
Are you Adrian Fernandez?

TO HAVE GOT

The meaning of the verb to have got is tener 

POSITIVE

I have got

You have got

He / She / It has got

We have got

You have got

They have got

NEGATIVE

I haven't got

you haven't got

he/she/it hasn't got

we haven't got

you haven't got

they haven't got

INTERROGATIVE

Have I got...?

Have you got...?

Has he/she/it got...?

Have we got...?

Have you got...?

Have they got...?

I have got a cat

He has got a cat

Have they got a cat?

UDI 2:ROUTINES

THERE IS/THERE ARE

“There is” is followed by countable or uncountable nouns in singular.

“There are” is followed by countable or uncountable nouns in plural.

There is a apartament , there is water.

There are rooms

There isn't a toilet,there aren't beds

Is there a fridge?,are there tables?

ARTICLES AND QUANTIFIER

The : Los / las / la / el

The apartament has got a toilet 

The forest is awesome

A / An: Un / a

A shelf / an armchair / pero a uniform

SOME:unos unas algunos...

There are some tables.

We have got some food

.

Any:Algun algunos/as...       

There aren't any pictures.Are there any shelves?

HOW MUCH? HOW MANY?

How much?:¿cuánto/a?

How many?:¿cuántos/as?

How much water do you need?

How many rooms are there?

UDI 3:THE WEATHER FORECAST

PRESENT SIMPLE

We use the present simple to talk about facts or things that are always true.

Also we use the present simple to describe something we do regularly.

AFIRMATIVE

I + you+we+they use the infinitive verbs.Play.

he+she+it use the infinitive verbs with s.Plays.

NEGATIVE

I+you+we+they use don't and infinitive verbs.Don't play.

he+she+it use doesn't and infinitive verbs.Doesn't play.

INTERROGATIVE

I+you+we+they use Do and the infinitive verbs.Do I

he+she+it use does and infinitive verbs.Does he

Verbs ending with ,ss,ch,sh,x,z,writes with es

There are advers of frequency for example always,never,often,ususally,sometimes etc.

PRESENTE CONTINUO

We use "the present continuous" to talk about facts or things that is going now.

Sujeto+TO BE+verbo con ing.

AFIRMATIVE

It's raining now.

It's snowing now.

NEGATIVE

It isn't raining now.

It isn't snowing now.

INTERROGATIVE

Is it raining now?.

Is it snowing now?.

FUTURO:WILL

We use "will" to talk about fact or things that will be in a far future.

Sujeto+will+infinitivo.

AFIRMATIVE 

It will rain.

It will be sunny.

There will be storms.

NEGATIVE

It won't rain.

It won't be sunny.

There won't be sunny.

INTERROGATIVE

Will it rain?.

Will it be sunny?.

Will there be storms?.

BE GOING TO 

We use "be going to" to talk about facts or things that are going to happen in a near future.

Sujeto+TO BE+going to+infinitivo.

AFFIRMATIVE

It's going to rain.

NEGATIVE

It isn't going to snow.

INTERROGATIVE

Is it going to rain?

UDI 5:MY TOWN

COMPARATIVE/SUPERLATIVE

We use comparative to compare two things or people and we use the superlative to show

the highest or lowest quality of something.

EXAMPLES:

Antonio is taller than Marcos

The paper is heavier  than a helicopter.

This house is the most expensive in the borourghs.

This bed is the hardest.

THERE ARE ESPECIAL TYPES:

One syllable: add -er and than for the comparative and add the and -est for the superlative.

Ending in y: quite -y and add -ier.

When the adjective ending in consonat - vowel - consonat add double the last consonant.

Two or more syllables: add more for the comparative and add the most for the superlative.

Irregulars types:

Bad/worse/the worst.  Good/better/the best.

Little/less/the least.     happy / more happy / the most happy